In its soluble ionic forms, lead (Pb) is a toxic element occurring in waters and soils mainly as
the result of human activities. The bioavailability of lead ions can be decreased by …

The partitioning (or sorption) of trace elements from aqueous solutions onto mineral surfaces
and natural organic matter (NOM) has played a major role in determining the trace element …

Apatite, the most common phosphate mineral, is generally described by the formula Ca5
(PO4) 3 (OH, F, Cl) or, more completely with regard to its usual description in P63/m …

Ingested soil and surface dust may be important contributors to elevated blood lead (Pb)
levels in children exposed to Pb contaminated environments. Mitigation strategies have …

Heavy metal pollution is a major environmental concern because of the toxicity to humans
and plants. This toxicity is lethal even in trace quantities and metals have a great tendency to …

As a commonly used corrosion inhibitor, phosphate (PO 4) has a complicated effect on the
fate and transport of lead (Pb) in drinking water systems. While the formation of pyromorphite …

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most significant parameters to affect the
remediation efficiency of Pb (II) by apatites. Numerous studies chose humic substances as a …

In situ immobilization of heavy metals in polluted soils using phosphates leads to formation
of products which are highly insoluble and thermodynamically stable over a broad pH and …

Chlorides are usually neglected during heavy metal remediation. In this study, rice husk
(RB) and sludge (SB) biochars were applied to investigate the influences of Cl on Pb …

The sorption of aqueous lead on carbonate-hydroxyapatite (CHAp) is a complicated non-
homogeneous solid/water reaction, which from the kinetic point of view has two stages. In …