An increased intestinal permeability has been described in various gastrointestinal and non-
gastrointestinal disorders. Nevertheless, the concept and definition of intestinal permeability …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease which arises as a result of the
interaction of genetic, environmental, barrier and microbial factors leading to chronic …

The history of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) dates back even to ancient China.
Recently, scientific studies have been looking into FMT as a promising treatment of various …

Objective Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the malignant metabolic diseases that complicate
pregnancy. Gut dysbiosis has been identified for causing metabolic diseases, but the role of …

Epithelial cells from diverse tissues, including the enterocytes that line the intestinal tract,
remodel their apical surface during differentiation to form a brush border: an array of actin …

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular pattern recognition
receptor that senses bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN)-conserved motifs in cytosol and …

Although several aspects of barrier function can be assessed in man, one must be aware of
exactly what a given test measures, as well as of its limitations. The temptation to employ …

Background Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, which involves myosin light chain
kinase (MLCK) activation, contributes to the occurrence and progression of inflammation in …

The kidneys are key contributors to body homeostasis, by virtue of controlled excretion of
excessive fluid, electrolytes, and toxic waste products. The syndrome of uremia equals the …

Intestinal epithelial cells are covered by the brush border, which consists of densely packed
microvilli. The Intermicrovillar Adhesion Complex (IMAC) links the microvilli and is required …