Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) released from gut enteroendocrine cells controls meal-
related glycemic excursions through augmentation of insulin and inhibition of glucagon …

Despite the decades-old knowledge that diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for
cardiovascular disease, the reasons for this association are only partially understood. While …

Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic
health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of …

The UK Biobank is a prospective study of 502,543 individuals, combining extensive
phenotypic and genotypic data with streamlined access for researchers around the world …

Drugs whose targets have genetic evidence to support efficacy and safety are more likely to
be approved after clinical development. In this paper, we provide an overview of how natural …

Causal inference is essential across the biomedical, behavioural and social sciences. By
progressing from confounded statistical associations to evidence of causal relationships …

Target identification (determining the correct drug targets for a disease) and target validation
(demonstrating an effect of target perturbation on disease biomarkers and disease end …

Glucagon-like peptide-1, produced predominantly in enteroendocrine cells, controls glucose
metabolism and energy homeostasis through regulation of islet hormone secretion …

Background Higher circulating levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; ie,
isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are strongly associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk, but …

Drug development in cardiovascular disease is stagnating, with lack of efficacy and adverse
effects being barriers to innovation. Human genetics can provide compelling evidence of …