Antibiotics are by far the most common medications prescribed for children. Recent
epidemiological data suggests an association between early antibiotic use and disease …

The intestinal microbiota can influence host metabolism. When given early in life, agents that
disrupt microbiota composition, and consequently the metabolic activity of the microbiota …

Importance The National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria set a goal
of reducing inappropriate outpatient antibiotic use by 50% by 2020, but the extent of …

Summary The Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship provides a framework for
antibiotic stewardship for outpatient clinicians and facilities that routinely provide antibiotic …

Background: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is the most common reason for antibiotic
prescription in adults. Antibiotics are often inappropriately prescribed for patients with ARTI …

Importance Many preschool children develop recurrent, severe episodes of lower respiratory
tract illness (LRTI). Although viral infections are often present, bacteria may also contribute …

Importance Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the syndrome for which antibiotics are
most commonly prescribed; viruses for which antibiotics are ineffective cause most ARIs …

Antibiotic use is a modifiable driver of antibiotic resistance. In many circumstances, antibiotic
use is overly broad or unnecessary. We systematically assessed factors associated with …

Background Antibiotic over prescription for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in
primary care exacerbates antimicrobial resistance. There is a need for effective alternatives …

Objective To describe the frequency and factors associated with antibiotic use in early
childhood, and estimate the proportion of diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses episodes …