The importance of drug transporters as one of the determinants of pharmacokinetics has
become increasingly evident [1]. While much research has been conducted focusing the role …

Transporters play important roles in tissue distribution and urinary-and biliary-excretion of
drugs and transporter molecules involved in those processes have been elucidated well …

The adequate management of central nervous system (CNS) infections requires that
antimicrobial agents penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and achieve concentrations in …

Recently developed high-throughput in vitro assays in combination with computational
models could provide alternatives to animal testing. The purpose of the present study was to …

Only a small fraction of chemicals possesses adequate in vivo toxicokinetic data for
assessing potential hazards. The aim of the present study was to model the plasma and …

Abstract Background and Objective Baloxavir marboxil is a prodrug that is metabolized to
baloxavir acid, which suppresses viral replication by inhibiting cap-dependent …

Neuraminidase inhibitors are the mainstay of anti‐influenza treatment. Oseltamivir is the
most widely used drug but is currently available only as an oral formulation. Resistance …

At least 80% of pregnant woman in Europe use at least one medication during their
pregnancy. The majority of these drugs are prescribed off-label. A better understanding of …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance According to Traditional Chinese Medicine
theory, influenza is categorized as a warm disease or Wen Bing. The Wen Bing formulas …

Oseltamivir is the ester-type prodrug of the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir carboxylate.
It has been shown to be an effective treatment for both seasonal influenza and the recent …