Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (Treg)
biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-β1 in Treg differentiation and …

Both the basal body and the microtubule‐based axoneme it nucleates have evolutionarily
conserved subdomains crucial for cilium biogenesis, function and maintenance. Here, we …

Interactions of cancer cells with the primary tumor microenvironment are important
determinants of cancer progression toward metastasis but it is unknown whether additional …

Using RNAi screening, proteomics, cell biological and mouse genetics approaches, we
have identified a complex of nine proteins, seven of which are disrupted in human …

The literature was reviewed to summarize the current understanding of the role of ciliated
ependymal cells in the mammalian brain. Previous reviews were summarized. Publications …

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ultra-filtrated colorless brain fluid that circulates
within brain spaces like the ventricular cavities, subarachnoid space, and the spine. Its …

Cilia and flagella have attracted tremendous attention in recent years as research
demonstrated crucial roles for these organelles in coordinating a number of physiologically …

Ependymal cells form the epithelial lining of cerebral ventricles. Their apical surface is
covered by cilia that beat in a coordinated fashion to facilitate circulation of the cerebrospinal …

The primary cilium is a cellular organelle that is almost ubiquitous in eukaryotes, yet its
functions in vertebrates have been slow to emerge. The last fifteen years have been marked …

Essential to development, primary cilia are microtubule-based cellular organelles that
protrude from the surface of cells. Acting as cellular antenna, primary cilia play central roles …