Down syndrome (DS) is a birth defect with huge medical and social costs, caused by trisomy
of whole or part of chromosome 21. It is the most prevalent genetic disease worldwide and …

Background In 1968 the first antenatal diagnosis of Down's syndrome was made and
screening on the basis of selecting women of advanced maternal age for amniocentesis was …

The history of sonography in Obstetrics and Gynaecology dates from the classic 1958
Lancet paper of Ian Donald and his team from Glasgow. Fifty years on it is impossible to …

ContextSecond-trimester prenatal ultrasound is widely used in an attempt to detect Down
syndrome in fetuses, but the accuracy of this method is unknown. ObjectiveTo determine the …

Fetuses with Down's syndrome are more likely than normal fetuses to have a thickened
nuchal skin fold and relatively short femurs on ultrasound examination in the second …

Objective. To determine the risk of Down syndrome in fetuses with sonographic markers
using the Bayes theorem and likelihood ratios. Methods. We prospectively evaluated the …

The most frequently asked questions that confront the fetal medicine trainee/expert on a
daily basis are “Is the finding real or merely an artifact?” and “Is the diagnosis correct?” …

Current indications for cytogenetic evaluation leave the majority of Down syndrome fetuses
undetected. Using advanced maternal age and low maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) …

The use of prenatal ultrasound has proven efficacious for the prenatal diagnosis of
chromosomal abnormalities. The first sonographic sign of Down syndrome, the thickened …

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability to identify fetuses with autosomal trisomy by use of
sonographic features in the form of a scoring system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The …