Endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery is the standard procedure for surgery of most
paranasal sinus diseases. Appropriate frame conditions provided, the respective procedures …

Virtual reality (VR) medical simulations deliver a tailored learning experience that can be
standardized, and can cater to different learning styles in ways that cannot be matched by …

Virtual reality (VR) is a frequently emphasized issue on the Digital Earth (DE) agenda. While
current DE research is more engaged in the technical aspects of VR applications, this paper …

Background Endoscopic sinus surgery poses unique training challenges due to complex
and variable anatomy, and the risk of major complications. We sought to create and provide …

Endoscopic base of skull surgery has been growing in acceptance in the recent past due to
improvements in visualisation and micro instrumentation as well as the surgical maturing of …

Background The purpose of this study was to find a utility of a newly developed 3D‐printed
sinus model and to evaluate the educational benefit of simulation training with the models …

Neurosurgery is a challenging surgical specialty that demands many technical and cognitive
skills. The traditional surgical training approach of having a trainee coached in the operating …

Background The technical challenges of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and the high risk
of complications support the development of alternative modalities to train residents in these …

Endoscopic sinus and skull base surgeries are minimally invasive surgical techniques that
reduce postoperative symptoms and complications and enhance patients' quality of life …

Objective: This paper proposes a virtual reality (VR) haptic simulator with realistic
instruments, an exchangeable patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)–printed external …