Background: Tobacco consumption is the second major cause of death and the fourth most
common risk factor for diseases, worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have traced the use of …

Background In addition to physical adaptation and psychosocial adjustment to chronic renal
disease, hemodialysis (HD) patients must also adapt to dialysis therapy plan. Objectives The …

Background & objectives: The cigarette and water pipe smoking is a public health problem.
Many studies have been performed on prevalence of cigarette and water pipe smoking and …

Background: Cigarette smoking is the largest preventable cause of death worldwide. No
systematic review is available on the situation of the smoking in Iran, so we decided to …

Background: Smoking is one of the most common causes of premature. death. The purpose
of this study was to evaluate the effect of education using health belief model in the …

Introduction Urinary incontinence is a prevalent disorder amongst older women. Identifying
the psychosocial experiences of older women in disease management can improve the …

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study carried out on 102 diabetic middle aged
women referring to Diabetes Assembly of Varamin randomly put in two groups of case and …

Abstract Background and Aim: Diabetes is a chronic disease that can affect the physical,
psychosocial, and social adaptation of patients. This study aimed to assess the …

Introduction: Physical activity has many advantages such as cardio-respiratory health
promotion, prevention of some diseases and improvement of quality of life. In contrast …

Background Considering the need for a better understanding of smoking among the student
population and its impact on their mental health and their success, this study was conducted …