Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has become a prominent desalination method for fresh-
water production from either saline seawater or brackish water to meet the ever-growing …

The potential of energy resources on islands that can be used for self-sufficiency and
sustainable energy supply and demand systems has led to a challenge in energy planning …

Water and energy are two key factors in human life that always control the growth and
development of human societies. Climate changes, increasing the population in urban areas …

Islands' energy systems present a challenge in energy planning due to a limited amount of
resources which could be used to make islands self-sufficient and sustainable. This paper …

Sustainable island energy systems have been a subject of academic research for some
time. Real-life examples of highly renewable and sustainable island energy systems can be …

Universal electricity access is an important development objective, and the focus of a
number of key global UN initiatives. While robust electricity planning is widely believed to be …

Global warming and population growth have been contributing factors to the decline of
freshwater resources around the globe. More than 45% of the desalination plants are in the …

As many other small islands and archipelagos, the Canary Islands depend to a high degree
on energy imports. Despite its small surface, the archipelago has a high potential for …

The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in islands is crucial to improve their
economy allowing them to be energy independent. However, the intermittency of some RES …

The cost of desalination is mainly based on the energy cost since the process is very energy-
intensive. Previous reviews have considered individual topics such as renewable energy …