BACKGROUND Functional male gametes are produced through complex processes that
take place within the testis, epididymis and female reproductive tract. A breakdown at any of …

Citation Naz RK. Antisperm contraceptive vaccines: where we are and where we are going?
Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 5–12 This is a review of current status and future …

The human zona pellucida is composed of four glycoproteins (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4) and
has an important role in reproduction. Here we describe a form of infertility with an …

Background information Recently, it became apparent that microRNAs (miRNAs) can
regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally. Despite the advances in identifying the …

BACKGROUND Mammalian spermatogenesis is a process that involves a complex
expression program in both somatic and germ cells present in the male gonad. A number of …

Intracellular calcium signaling is critical for initiating and sustaining diverse cellular functions
including transcription, synaptic signaling, muscle contraction, apoptosis and fertilization …

There is an urgent need to develop a better method of contraception which is non‐steroidal
and reversible to control world population explosion and unintended pregnancies …

The idea that men should participate in family planning by playing an active role in
contraception has become more acceptable in recent years. Up to the present the condom …

Motile cilia move extracellular fluids or mediate cellular motility. Their function is essential for
embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis and reproduction throughout vertebrates …

Gene knockout experiments have shown that many genes are dispensable for a given
biological function. In this review, we make an assessment of male and female germ cell …