Eukaryotes produce various types of small RNAs of 19-28 nt in length. With rapidly
increasing numbers of small RNAs listed in recent years, we have come to realize how …

Background Agroinfiltration is a simple and effective method of delivering transgenes into
plant cells for the rapid production of recombinant proteins and has become the preferred …

During their long evolutionary history viruses generated many proteins de novo by a
mechanism called “overprinting”. Overprinting is a process in which critical nucleotide …

In plants and invertebrate animals, RNA silencing is a form of nucleic acid-based adaptive
immunity. By contrast, jawed vertebrates have evolved complex protein-based adaptive …

In plants, RNA silencing (RNA interference) is an efficient antiviral system, and therefore
successful virus infection requires suppression of silencing. Although many viral silencing …

Plasma Membrane is the primary structure for adjusting to ever changing conditions. PM sub-
compartmentalization in domains is thought to orchestrate signaling. Yet, mechanisms …

Unique among the known plant and animal viral suppressors of RNA silencing, the 2b
protein interacts directly with both small interfering RNA (siRNA) and ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) …

Here we report on a simple and reproducible system of Agrobacterium-mediated transient
gene expression assay that utilizes infiltration of young Nicotiana benthamiana leaves …

Double-stranded (ds) RNAs and imperfect hairpin RNAs of endogenous genes trigger post-
transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and are cleaved by a Dicer-like nuclease into small …

Background Plants are increasingly being examined as alternative recombinant protein
expression systems. Recombinant protein expression levels in plants from Tobacco mosaic …