The heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem and has received a serious concern for
the ecosystem and human health. In the last decade, remediation of the agricultural polluted …

In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their
impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep …

The concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore root trait
variation and belowground resource‐acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made …

Plant economics run on carbon and nutrients instead of money. Leaf strategies
aboveground span an economic spectrum from “live fast and die young” to “slow and …

Chlorophyll (Chl) is an important photosynthetic pigment to the plant, largely determining
photosynthetic capacity and hence plant growth. However, this concept has not been …

Mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants by improved mineral nutrition and protection against stress,
yet information about fundamental differences among mycorrhizal types in fungi and trees …

Ecologists are increasingly adopting trait-based approaches to understand how community
change influences ecosystem processes. However, most of this research has focussed on …

The search for a root economics spectrum (RES) has been sparked by recent interest in trait‐
based plant ecology. By analogy with the one‐dimensional leaf economics spectrum (LES) …

Root exudation stimulates microbial decomposition and enhances nutrient availability to
plants. It remains difficult to measure and predict this carbon flux in natural conditions …

Ecosystem functioning relies heavily on below‐ground processes, which are largely
regulated by plant fine‐roots and their functional traits. However, our knowledge of fine‐root …