Background Cigarette smoking remains the leading avoidable cause of disease burden
worldwide, and observational studies have linked various smoking behaviours (active …

Background—The prevalence of smoking in diabetic patients remains high, and reliable
quantification of the excess mortality and morbidity risks associated with smoking is …

Background Fifty years after the first Surgeon General's report, tobacco use remains the
nation's leading preventable cause of death and disease, despite declines in adult cigarette …

Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with poorer health in adulthood, an association
explained, at least in part, by increased engagement in health‐risk behaviors (HRBs). In this …

ContextObservational studies have suggested an association between active smoking and
the incidence of type 2 diabetes. ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review with meta …

Our aim was to critically evaluate the relations among smoking, body weight, body fat
distribution, and insulin resistance as reported in the literature. In the short term, nicotine …

Objective Most smokers gain weight after quitting, and some develop new onset obesity and
type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the current science investigating …

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with an increased risk of
colorectal cancer (CRC). The American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines for …

Background Cardiovascular diseases and their associated risk factors remain the main
cause of mortality in western societies. In order to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular …

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the clustering of four major lifestyle
risk factors (smoking, heavy drinking, lack of fruit and vegetables consumption, and lack of …