Neurons have been long regarded as the basic functional cells of the brain, whereas
astrocytes and microglia have been regarded only as elements of support. However, proper …

As the organ with the highest demand for oxygen, the brain has a poor tolerance to ischemia
and hypoxia. Despite severe ischemia/hypoxia induces the occurrence and development of …

After ischemic stroke, various damage-associated molecules are released from the ischemic
core and diffuse to the ischemic penumbra, activating microglia and promoting …

Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is a major genetic risk factor for several neurodegenerative
disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epigenetic dysregulation, including …

The brain consists of neurons and much higher number of glial cells. They communicate
each other, by which they control brain functions. The brain is highly vulnerable to several …

Background and Purpose—Prophylactic treatments that afford neuroprotection against
stroke may emerge from the field of preconditioning. Resveratrol mimics ischemic …

Abstract Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is a major genetic risk factor for sporadic or late onset
Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is decreased by 3 to 4 …

Background Greater knowledge of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies is
driving the research into their secretome, identified as the main element responsible for their …

Cerebral ischemia remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although the incidence
of death has decreased over the years, surviving patients may suffer from long-term …

Cerebral ischemia is among the leading causes of death worldwide. It is characterized by a
lack of blood flow to the brain that results in cell death and damage, ultimately causing …