Content Summary 414 I. Introduction 415 II. Ca2+ importer and exporter in plants 415 III. The
Ca2+ decoding toolkit in plants 415 IV. Mechanisms of Ca2+ signal decoding 417 V …

In flowering plants, pollen tubes undergo tip growth to deliver two nonmotile sperm to the
ovule where they fuse with an egg and central cell to achieve double fertilization. This …

We present TrackMate, an open source Fiji plugin for the automated, semi-automated, and
manual tracking of single-particles. It offers a versatile and modular solution that works out of …

Fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm (polyspermy) leads to lethal genome imbalance
and chromosome segregation defects. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the block to polyspermy is …

Precise signalling between pollen tubes and synergid cells in the ovule initiates fertilization
in flowering plants. Contact of the pollen tube with the ovule triggers calcium spiking in the …

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves double fertilization, the union of two sperm
from pollen with two sex cells in the female embryo sac. Modern plant breeders increasingly …

Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls protecting them from a myriad of environmental
challenges. For successful habitat adaptation, extracellular cues are perceived at the cell …

The phytohormone ethylene has numerous effects on plant growth and development. Its
immediate precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), is a non-proteinogenic …

Compared with the animal kingdom, fertilization is particularly complex in flowering plants
(angiosperms). Sperm cells of angiosperms have lost their motility and require transportation …

The gametophyte represents the sexual phase in the alternation of generations in plants; the
other, nonsexual phase is the sporophyte. Here, we review the evolutionary origins of the …