The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a
global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean …

Revolutionary observational arrays, together with a new generation of ocean and climate
models, have provided new and intriguing insights into the Atlantic Meridional Overturning …

Upwelling of global deep waters to the sea surface in the Southern Ocean closes the global
overturning circulation and is fundamentally important for oceanic uptake of carbon and …

Twenty-first century projections for the Mediterranean water properties have been analyzed
using the largest ensemble of regional climate models (RCMs) available up to now, the Med …

Turbulent mixing in the ocean exerts an important control on the rate and structure of the
overturning circulation. However, the balance of processes underpinning this mixing is …

A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial
role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review …

In this article, I use the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean version 4
(ECCO4) reanalysis to estimate the residual meridional overturning circulation, zonally …

The water mass transformation (WMT) framework weaves together circulation,
thermodynamics, and biogeochemistry into a description of the ocean that complements …

The overturning circulation of the global ocean is critically shaped by deep-ocean mixing,
which transforms cold waters sinking at high latitudes into warmer, shallower waters. The …

Small-scale turbulent mixing drives the upwelling of deep water masses in the abyssal
ocean as part of the global overturning circulation. However, the processes leading to …