In vitro cell cultures are an important tool for obtaining insights into cellular processes in an
isolated system and a supplement to in vivo animal experiments. While primary dissociated …

Deciphering the human brain pathophysiology remains one of the greatest challenges of the
21st century. Neurological disorders represent a significant proportion of diseases burden; …

Study of the origin and development of cerebellar tumours has been hampered by the
complexity and heterogeneity of cerebellar cells that change over the course of …

Background Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor
mediating protection against oxidants. Nrf2 is negatively regulated by cytoplasmic Kelch-like …

Background Systemic inflammation has been linked to synapse loss and cognitive decline in
human patients and animal models. A role for microglial release of pro-inflammatory …

In the gray matter of the brain, astrocytes have been suggested to export lactate (derived
from glucose or glycogen) to neurons to power their mitochondria. In the white matter, lactate …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators of cellular communication, in part
via the delivery of associated microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate …

Microglia play a prominent role in the brain's inflammatory response to injury or infection by
migrating to affected locations, secreting inflammatory molecules, and phagocytosing …

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors often undergo long-distance axonal transport after
brain injection. This leads to transduction of brain regions distal to the injection site, although …

Microglia/macrophages (MMΦ) are highly plastic phagocytes that can promote both injury
and repair in diseased brain through the distinct function of classically activated and …