Agroforestry has potential for strengthening the climate change resilience of smallholder
farmers in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, the food security challenges faced by smallholders …

Farmers are facing serious plant protection issues and phytosanitary risks, in particular in
the tropics. Such issues are food insecurity, lower income in traditional low-input …

Shade effects on coffee rust are controversial, possibly because shade helps to prevent high
fruit loads, which decreases leaf receptivity to the pathogen but, at the same time, might …

Although integrating trees into agricultural systems (ie, agroforestry systems) provides many
valuable ecosystem services, the trees can also interact with plant diseases. We …

Climate change is expected to have strong implications for smallholder coffee farmers and
implementing adaptation measures would lessen their vulnerabilities. Adaptation measures …

Continuous pesticide usage has negative impacts on people and ecosystems associated
with coffee farms. Alternative plant protection strategies can be implemented that are …

The multifunctional role of shade trees for conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem
services in natural forests and agroforests is well documented, yet we lack insights into the …

Coffee is the most consumed processed beverage aside from water, and green coffee beans
are the most traded agriculture commodity after petroleum in the world. The agricultural …

Assessment of crop loss due to multiple diseases and pests (D&P) is a necessary step in
designing sustainable crop management systems. Understanding the drivers of D&P …

African mountains are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and provide ecosystem
services to millions of people. Due to steep environmental gradients, growing human …