The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) worldwide has rapidly increased over the
past few decades. Thus, in addition to the classical risk factors for ADs, such as genetic …

For a long time, viruses have been shown to modify the clinical picture of several
autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus …

Following their exit from the thymus, T cells are endowed with potent effector functions but
must spare host tissue from harm. The fate of these cells is dictated by a series of …

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the consequence of a breach in immune tolerance,
leading to the inability to sufficiently differentiate between self and non-self. Immune …

Two decades of clinical experience with immunomodulatory treatments for multiple sclerosis
point to distinct immunological pathways that drive disease relapses and progression. In …

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the CNS that leads to substantial disability in most
patients. The early phase is characterised by relapses and the later phase by progressive …

Vaccination efforts as a mitigation strategy in the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic are fully underway. A vital component of understanding the optimal clinical use of …

Background Multiple sclerosis is an acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system. It is the second most common cause of disability in adults in United States after head …

The ability of mammals to mount adaptive immune responses culminating with the
establishment of immunological memory is predicated on the ability of the mature T cell …

▪ Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) develops in young adults with a complex predisposing
genetic trait and probably requires an inciting environmental insult such as a viral infection …