Chronic stress and depressive-like behaviors in basic neuroscience research have been
associated with impairments of neuroplasticity, such as neuronal atrophy and synaptic loss …

Ketamine produces immediate antidepressant effects and has inspired research into next-
generation treatments. Ketamine also has short term dissociative effects, in which …

Over the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary
medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been …

Background The glutamatergic modulator ketamine has created a blueprint for studying
novel pharmaceuticals in the field. Recent studies suggest that “classic” serotonergic …

Ketamine improves motivation-related symptoms in depression but simultaneously elicits
similar symptoms in healthy individuals, suggesting that it might have different effects in …

Ketamine commonly and rapidly induces dissociative and other altered states of
consciousness (ASCs) in humans. However, the neural mechanisms that contribute to these …

Intravenous ketamine is posited to rapidly reverse depression by rapidly enhancing
neuroplasticity. In human patients, we quantified gray matter microstructural changes on a …

Background Appreciable evidence suggest that dysbiosis in microbiota, reflected in gut
microbial imbalance plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders …

There is accumulating evidence demonstrating that dysfunction of glutamatergic
neurotransmission, particularly via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, is involved in …

Ketamine is an effective antidepressant, but there is substantial variability in patient
response and the precise mechanism of action is unclear. Neuroimaging can provide …