In recent years, significant attention has focused on circular RNA (circRNA) translation to
determine its clinical significance. Cap-independent translation of circRNAs driven by an …

Viruses must co-opt the cellular translation machinery to produce progeny virions.
Eukaryotic viruses have evolved a variety of ways to manipulate the cellular translation …

Summary N 6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) is an RNA modification well-known for its
contribution to different processes controlling RNA metabolism, including splicing, stability …

Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements are cis-acting RNA regions that promote
internal initiation of protein synthesis using cap-independent mechanisms. However, distinct …

Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) can be found in the mRNA of many viruses as well as
in cellular genes involved in the stress response, cell cycle, and apoptosis. IRES-mediated …

Current understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease
(FMD) has been achieved through over 100 years of study into the biology of the etiologic …

To ensure efficient propagation, viruses need to rapidly produce viral proteins after cell
entrance. Since viral genomes do not encode any components of the protein biosynthesis …

Highlights•Viral IRESs adopt diverse three-dimensional structures.•Evolutionary conserved
motifs preserve RNA structure and RNA-protein interactions.•Picornavirus IRESs differ in …

Protein synthesis of an RNA template can start by two different known mechanisms: cap-
dependent translation initiation and cap-independent translation initiation. The latter is …

Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements were discovered in picornaviruses. These
elements are cis-acting RNA sequences that adopt diverse three-dimensional structures and …