Plastic production on a global scale is instrumental in advancing modern society. However,
plastic can be broken down by mechanical and chemical forces of humans and nature, and …

Tiny plastic particles considered as emerging contaminants have attracted considerable
interest in the last few years. Mechanical abrasion, photochemical oxidation and biological …

Industrial progress has brought us an important polymer material, ie plastic. Because of
mass production and use, and improper management and disposal, plastic pollution has …

Nanoplastics (NPs) are plastic particles with sizes ranging between 1 and 1000 nm,
exhibiting exceptional qualities such as large surface area, lightweight, durability; therefore …

The fragmentation of plastic materials into nanoparticles of less than 1000 nm (secondary
nanoplastics) and their possible accumulation in the environment is a recent matter of …

Plastic pollution is a fast-rising environmental catastrophe. Microplastics and nanoplastics
(MNPs) are ubiquitous components of most aquatic environments, and their burgeoning …

Plastic particles of diameters ranging from 1 to 1000 nm and> 1 µm to 5 mm are respectively
known as nanoplastics and microplastics, and are collectively termed micro (nano) plastics …

Microplastics (MPs) have attracted considerable interest on account of their ubiquitous
presence in the environment in recent years. In particular, nanoplastics (NPs), with smaller …

Recently, research on the biological effects of nanoplastics has grown exponentially.
However, studies on the effects of nanoplastics on freshwater organisms and the …

In recent years, plastic pollution has become an environmental problem requiring urgent
attention. Recently, the release of nano-sized plastics (< 1 µm) into the environment has …