Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for certain movement
disorders and has additionally shown promise for various psychiatric, cognitive, and seizure …

Abstract Purpose of Review Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for chronic pain has been
controversial. Despite the discouraging outcomes from multicenter clinical trial in the …

Chronic pain (CP) represents a socio-economic burden for affected patients along with
therapeutic challenges for currently available therapies. When conventional therapies fail …

Objectives Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is conventionally placed at either cervical or
thoracic spinal regions to treat chronic pain. However, for patients with multiarea pain …

Up to 50% of stroke survivors have persistent, severe upper extremity paresis even after
receiving rehabilitation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can augment …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical treatment that involves electrically
stimulating brain structures through stereotactically implanted electrodes. While it is …

Background Over the past 30 years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has
emerged as a powerful tool to non-invasively study the activity and function of the human …

Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) affects around 10% of the general population and has a
significant social, emotional, and economic impact. Current diagnosis techniques rely mainly …