Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of
cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was …

Over the last 100–120 years, due to the ever-increasing importance of fluorine-containing
compounds in modern technology and daily life, the explosive development of the …

Osteoporotic fractures lead to increased disability and mortality in the elderly population.
With the rapid increase in the aging population around the globe, more effective treatments …

The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) and the burden associated with the disease are
steadily increasing worldwide, representing a major public health challenge for the coming …

In recent years, accumulating evidence has elucidated the role of lysosomes in dynamically
regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis. Lysosomal changes and dysfunction have …

Cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent proteases in lysosomal cysteine proteases
family, of which main function is to mediate bone resorption. Currently, CatK is among the …

Recurring coronavirus outbreaks, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, establish a
necessity to develop direct-acting antivirals that can be readily administered and are active …

Background The validation of bone mineral density (BMD) as a surrogate outcome for
fracture would allow the size of future randomised controlled osteoporosis registration trials …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit tremendously elevated risk for
cardiovascular disease, particularly ischemic heart disease, due to premature vascular and …

Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disorders that affects both women and men, and
causes bone deterioration and bone strength. Bone remodeling maintains bone mass and …