Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Alkalinity, the excess of proton acceptors over donors, plays a major role in ocean chemistry,
in buffering and in calcium carbonate precipitation and dissolution. Understanding alkalinity …

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and
coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of …

The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by
taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In …

Location, specific topography, and hydrographic setting together with climate change and
strong anthropogenic pressure are the main factors shaping the biogeochemical functioning …

Increasing eutrophication of coastal waters generates disturbances in greenhouse gas
(GHG) concentrations and emissions to the atmosphere that are still poorly documented …

High alkalinity values observed in coastal seas promote the uptake of CO2 from the
atmosphere. However, the alkalinity budget of coastal areas and marginal seas is poorly …

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be a significant source of dissolved nutrients,
inorganic and organic carbon, and trace metals in the ocean and therefore can be a driver …

Marine biogeochemical models based on Redfield stoichiometry suffer from underestimating
carbon fixation by primary production. The most pronounced indication of this is the …

Despite the important role of alkalinity in estuarine carbon cycling, the seasonal and decadal
variability of alkalinity, particularly within multiple tidal tributaries of the same estuary, is …