The discovery of giant viruses, with capsids as large as some bacteria, megabase-range
genomes and a variety of traits typically found only in cellular organisms, was one of the …

Background Autotrophic carbon fixation is the primary route through which organic carbon
enters the biosphere, and it is a key step in the biogeochemical carbon cycle. The Calvin …

The phylum Nucleocytoviricota includes the largest and most complex viruses known. These
“giant viruses” have a long evolutionary history that dates back to the early diversification of …

Viruses generally are defined as lacking the fundamental properties of living organisms in
that they do not harbor an energy metabolism system or protein synthesis machinery …

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles vital for energy production with now appreciated roles
in immune defense. During microbial infection, mitochondria serve as signaling hubs to …

Abstract N 6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) is a post-transcriptional modification found
uniquely at position 37 of tRNAs that decipher ANN-codons in the three domains of life …

For decades, viruses have been isolated primarily from humans and other organisms.
Interestingly, one of the most complex sides of the virosphere was discovered using free …

Although traditionally viewed as streamlined and simple, discoveries over the last century
have revealed that viruses can exhibit surprisingly complex physical structures, genomic …

PoRVA and PEDV coinfections are extremely common in clinical practice. Although
coinfections of PoRVA and PEDV are known to result in increased mortality, the underlying …

The global demand for industrial enzymes has been increasing in recent years, and the
search for new sources of these biological products is intense, especially in microorganisms …