Oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (oxysterols) present a remarkably diverse profile of
biological activities, including effects on sphingolipid metabolism, platelet aggregation …

▪ Abstract Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases are a large group of heme-
containing enzymes, most of which catalyze NADPH-and O2-dependent hydroxylation …

Azoles have been applied widely to combat pathogenic fungi in medicine and agriculture
and, consequently, loss of efficacy has occurred in populations of some species. Often, but …

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase superfamily contributes a broad array of
biological functions in living organisms. In fungi, CYPs play diverse and pivotal roles in …

Background Powdery mildew, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Erysiphe necator, is
an economically important disease of grapevines worldwide. Large quantities of fungicides …

We identified the cytochrome P450 sterol 14α—demethylase (CYP51A1) gene from Venturia
inaequalis and optional insertions located upstream from CYP51A1 and evaluated their …

We investigated the mechanism of resistance to demethylation inhibitors (DMI) in Penicillium
digitatum by isolating the CYP51 gene, which encodes the target enzyme (P45014DM) of …

The three-dimensional structure of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (P45014DM, CYP51) of
Candida albicans was modeled on the basis of crystallographic coordinates of four …

We investigated the molecular basis of resistance of the obligate biotrophic grape powdery
mildew fungus Uncinula necator to sterol demethylation-inhibiting fungicides (DMIs). The …

1. 1. 4 Nutritional deficiency and excess which form the metabolic enzyme structure of the
individual. It is not possible to live for more than 2-3 minutes without oxygen. However, life …