Highlights•GCs are important sites of B-cell selection for humoral responses.•GCs can
persist for weeks to months after antigen exposure.•How long GCs persist may be influenced …

The germinal center (GC) reaction is unique in that it incorporates clonal expansion, somatic
mutagenesis, affinity-based selection, and differentiation events all in one tightly packed but …

High-level expression of the transcription factor T-bet characterizes a phenotypically distinct
murine B cell population known as “age-associated B cells”(ABCs). T-bet–deficient mice …

INTRODUCTION To produce antibodies that protect effectively against pathogens, B cells
must undergo a Darwinian process of somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin genes …

Follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) restrict development of autoantibodies and autoimmunity
while supporting high-affinity foreign antigen-specific humoral response. However, whether …

T follicular regulatory cells, or Tfr cells, are a discernable population of regulatory T (Treg)
cells that migrate to the B cell follicle and germinal center (GC) upon immune challenge …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important mediators of chronic inflammation in numerous
autoimmune diseases, although the role of these receptors in primary Sjögren's syndrome …

Background Immune system disorders play important roles in acute lung injury (ALI), and
mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment can reduce inflammation during ALI. In this study …

Random VDJ recombination early in T and B cell development enables the adaptive
immune system to recognize a vast array of evolving pathogens via antigen receptors …

Background Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion is sometimes observed in
hepatitis B reactivation (rHBV), probably due to immune resetting and differentiation. Aims …