The ideal vaccine is a simple and stable formulation which can be conveniently
administered and provides life-long immunity against a given pathogen. The development of …

The successful development of a mucosal vaccine depends critically on the use of a safe
and effective immunostimulant and/or carrier system. This review describes the effectiveness …

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with a substantial alteration of specific gut commensals,
some of which may be involved in microbiota-mediated protection. In this study, microbiota …

In this study pulmonary vaccination with a new influenza subunit vaccine powder was
evaluated. Vaccine powder was produced by spray-freeze drying (SFD) using the …

The effect of oral administration of probiotic bacteria cell walls (PBCWs) in the stimulation of
the immune system in healthy BALB/c mice was evaluated. We focused our investigation …

Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are hollow peptidoglycan particles obtained from food-grade
Lactococcus lactis inactivated by hot acid. With the advantage of easy preparation, high …

Direct administration of vaccines to mucosal surfaces, such as via oral or nasal vaccination,
represents an attractive alternative, or complement, to current parenteral vaccination …

Clostridium perfringens is ubiquitously distributed and capable of secreting toxins, posing a
significant threat to animal health. Infections caused by Clostridium perfringens, such as …

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an acute, high-mortality-rate, severe infectious
disease caused by an emerging MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that causes severe …

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have become increasingly studied over the last two decades as
potential delivery systems for various biological molecules to the gastrointestinal tract. This …