Improving the effectiveness of preclinical predictions of human drug responses is critical to
reducing costly failures in clinical trials. Recent advances in cell biology, microfabrication …

Significant advances in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and microscale technologies have
enabled the fabrication of biologically relevant tissues and organs. Such tissues and organs …

Organs-on-chips are microfluidic systems with controlled, dynamic microenvironments in
which cultured cells exhibit functions that emulate organ-level physiology. They can in …

“Organ‐on‐a‐chip” systems integrate microengineering, microfluidic technologies, and
biomimetic principles to create key aspects of living organs faithfully, including critical …

Organ-on-a-chip technology can simulate the physiological and pathological
microenvironment of tissues and organs in vitro, thus offering the potential of dispensing with …

Many new techniques and materials have been applied to microfluidic systems in the past
decade, and integrated microfluidic chips have become powerful platforms for realizing …

Abstract Development of a vascularized tissue is one of the key challenges for the
successful clinical application of tissue engineered constructs. Despite the significant efforts …

Organ-on-a-chip engineering aims to create artificial living organs that mimic the complex
and physiological responses of real organs, in order to test drugs by precisely manipulating …

Nanomaterials (NMs) are increasingly used for the therapy, diagnosis, and monitoring of
disease-or drug-induced mechanisms in the human biological system. In view of their small …

The function and susceptibility of various drugs are tested with renal proximal tubular
epithelial cells; yet, replicating the morphology and kidneys function using the currently …