Indentation is a remarkably flexible mechanical test due to its relative experimental
simplicity. Coupled with advances in instrument development, ease of implementation has …

Surgical simulators present a safe and potentially effective method for surgical training, and
can also be used in robot-assisted surgery for pre-and intra-operative planning. Accurate …

Since the first edition of this book in 2007, there has been a fast evolution in Virtual Reality.
Palmer Luckey designed a prototype for what would become the Oculus Rift Virtual Reality …

Surgical simulation for medical education is increasingly perceived as a valuable addition to
traditional teaching methods. Simulators provide a structured learning experience …

In this work a tissue aspiration method for the in vivo determination of biological soft tissue
material parameters is presented. An explicit axisymmetric finite element simulation of the …

In this paper, we describe the latest developments of the minimally invasive hepatic surgery
simulator prototype developed at INRIA. A key problem with such a simulator is the physical …

The mechanical behavior of human liver has been characterized with aspiration
experiments. Measurements have been performed in vivo under sterile conditions during …

Modelling the mechanical behaviour of biological tissues is of vital importance for clinical
applications. It is necessary for surgery simulation, tissue engineering, finite element …

Real-time finite element (FE) analysis can be used to represent complex deformable
geometries in virtual environments. The need for accurate surgical simulation has spurred …

The finite element method (FEM) has deservedly gained the reputation of the most powerful,
highly efficient, and versatile numerical method in the field of structural analysis. Though …