Health-relevant microorganisms present in natural surface waters and engineered treatment
systems that are exposed to sunlight can be inactivated by a complex set of interacting …

Along with outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, the problem of
biomedical wastewater disposal has caused widespread public concern, as reportedly the …

Water, a frequent vehicle for the transmission of viruses, may permit their survival, but many
environmental factors will have an adverse effect on the viral population. Risk evaluation …

Measurement of pathogens in raw wastewater from a population within certain sewer
catchments can provide quantitative information on public health status within the sampled …

This critical review addresses the persistence of human norovirus (NoV) in water, shellfish,
and processed meats; on berries, herbs, vegetables, fruits, and salads; and on food contact …

Since many waterborne diseases are caused by human pathogenic viruses, virus
monitoring of drinking water (DW) and DW sources is crucial for public health. Therefore, the …

Human norovirus (hNoV) is an important etiology of gastrointestinal illness and can be
transmitted via ingestion of contaminated water. Currently impractical to culture, hNoV …

The survival of murine norovirus (MNV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in bottled drinking water,
strawberries, and oysters stored at different temperatures for various durations was …

Besides obtaining and utilizing resources, organisms have three basic ecological tasks: to
survive, to reproduce, and to move. Survival is necessary for reproduction, reproduction …

Background Previous work indicated that an ultrashort pulse (USP) 425 nm laser is capable
of inactivating murine norovirus (MNV: Virol. J. 11: 20), perhaps via an impulsive stimulated …