Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global
warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm …

BACKGROUND Anthropogenic climate change is altering the structure and functioning of
ecosystems globally. The upper layers of the oceans have absorbed> 90% of the excess …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves
(MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main …

Our current 1.1° C warmer world is already affecting natural and human systems in Europe
(very high confidence1). Since AR5, there has been a substantial increase in detected or …

Biological invasions have become a defining feature of marine Mediterranean ecosystems
with significant impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health. We …

Potential for, and limits to, adaptation to environmental changes are critical for resilience and
risk mitigation. The Mediterranean basin is a mosaic of biodiversity‐rich ecosystems long …

Greenhouse gas emissions are warming the ocean with profound consequences at all
levels of organization, from organismal rates to ecosystem processes. The proximate driver …

In the Mediterranean Sea, marine ecosystems and the resource-based economy are shared
among many countries, making this a regional sea of important geopolitical and economic …

Marine heatwaves are increasingly affecting marine ecosystems, with cascading impacts on
coastal economies, communities, and food systems. Studies of heatwaves provide crucial …