BACKGROUND Despite rapidly rising female educational attainment and the closing, if not
reversal, of the gender gap in education, female labor force participation rates in the Middle …

This paper introduces the 2018 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS),
previously fielded in 1998, 2006, and 2012. The ELMPS has already become the primary …

This paper examines the public sector wage premium using nationally representative
household surveys from up to 68 countries. Compared to all private sector paid employees …

Creating jobs, especially good jobs, is one of the greatest challenges facing Egypt. This
paper investigates the nature of job growth in Egypt, including the firm, industry, and worker …

The public sector employs roughly a third of the world's paid workforce. Their wages not only
represent the income of a substantial portion of the population but also influence pay setting …

Compliance with labour laws has costs and benefits which depend on the institutional
environment in which firms operate. Although several studies have shown a negative effect …

Many developing countries exhibit a puzzling pattern given their scarce human capital:
unemployment rates increase with education. We develop and estimate a model where …

This paper estimates the public-formal private wage gap in Egypt using Egypt Labor Market
Panel Survey for the 20 year period of 1998–2018 for men and women separately. We …

This paper shows that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between public
employment and economic growth. The government allocates workers to the production of …

We evaluate the effects of population aging on the macroeconomic evolution of the
Lebanese economy and the financial sustainability of its major pension schemes. We use an …