The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is an organelle that is structurally and
mechanistically analogous to an intracellular membrane-attached contractile phage tail …

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious aerosolizable intracellular pathogen that is
capable of causing a debilitating or fatal disease with doses as low as 25 colony-forming …

Bacteria with two cell membranes (diderms) have evolved complex systems for protein
secretion. These systems were extensively studied in some model bacteria, but the …

The bacterium Vibrio cholerae, like other human pathogens that reside in environmental
reservoirs, survives predation by unicellular eukaryotes. Strains of the O1 and O139 …

Genes encoding type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are widely distributed in pathogenic Gram-
negative bacterial species. In Vibrio cholerae, T6SS have been found to secrete three …

Macrophages respond to cytosolic nucleic acids by activating cysteine protease caspase-1
within a complex called the inflammasome. Subsequent cleavage and secretion of …

To establish and maintain an ecological niche, bacteria employ a wide range of pathways to
inhibit the growth of their microbial competitors. Some of these pathways, such as those that …

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of the acute disease tularemia. Due to its
extreme infectivity and ability to cause disease upon inhalation, F. tularensis has been …

The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the rapid recognition and elimination of
invading microbes. Detection of microbes relies on germ‐line encoded pattern recognition …

Several secretion systems have evolved that are widespread among Gram-negative
bacteria. Recently, a new secretion system was recognized, which is named the type VI …