Background Various international laws and guidelines stress the importance of respecting
the developing autonomy of children and involving minors in decision-making regarding …

An extensively revised heuristic-analytic theory of reasoning is presented incorporating
three principles of hypothetical thinking. The theory assumes that reasoning and judgment …

Reliable confidence estimation for deep neural classifiers is a challenging yet fundamental
requirement in high-stakes applications. Unfortunately, modern deep neural networks are …

Hypothetical thought involves the imagination of possibilities and the exploration of their
consequences by a process of mental simulation. In this Classic Edition, Jonathan St BT …

This review addresses the long-standing puzzle of how logic and probability fit together in
human reasoning. Many cognitive scientists argue that conventional logic cannot underlie …

The core assumption of Dual-Process Theories (DPT) is that reasoning and decision making
are accomplished by the joint action of two types of processes, differing in terms of the …

One hundred and three participants solved conflict and non-conflict versions of four
reasoning tasks using a two-response procedure: a base rate task, a causal reasoning task …

In this work, we propose to use out-of-distribution samples, ie, unlabeled samples coming
from outside the target classes, to improve few-shot learning. Specifically, we exploit the …

'If'is a puzzle. No consensus has existed about its meaning for over two thousand years.
Here, we show how the main psychological theories deal with the seven crucial problems …

How do reasoners resolve a conflict between two competing responses, one cued by beliefs
and knowledge, and one based upon the problem's underlying logic and structure? The …