Water is a ubiquitous liquid substance in our world and has by all accounts striking
properties that set it aside from other liquids. A monumental collective set of volumes, edited …

When Szent-Györgyi called water the “matrix of life”, 1 he was echoing an old sentiment.
Paracelsus in the 16th century said that “water was the matrix of the world and of all its …

The book starts with an exposition of the relevant properties of ions and continues with a
description of their solvation in the gas phase. The book contains a large amount of factual …

There are still debates on whether the hydration of ions perturbs the water structure, and
what is the degree of such disturbance; therefore, the origin of the Hofmeister effect on …

The continuum electrostatics model of Debye and Hückel [P. Debye and E. Hückel, On the
theory of electrolytes. I. Freezing point depression and related phenomena., Phys. Z. 24 …

The structure of liquid water, its role in the solvation of ionic and neutral species, and its
effects on chemical reactions have been the focus of research for over a century, 1-12 and …

Here we present an overview of recent developments of X-ray and electron spectroscopy to
probe water at different temperatures. Photon-induced ionization followed by detection of …

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an electronic absorption technique for which the
initial state is a deeply buried core level. The photon energies corresponding to such …

The ubiquitous nature of water makes the study of water both practical and relevant. Yet in
this advanced technological age, many important, fundamental questions remain …

The details of ion hydration still raise fundamental questions relevant to a large variety of
problems in chemistry and biology. The concept of water “structure breaking” and “structure …