Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, in which tumor tissues from patients are implanted
into immunocompromised or humanized mice, have shown superiority in recapitulating the …

The aged adaptive immune system is characterized by progressive dysfunction as well as
increased autoimmunity. This decline is responsible for elevated susceptibility to infection …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a diverse cell population within the tumour
microenvironment, where they have critical effects on tumour evolution and patient …

In chronic infection, inflammation and cancer, the tissue microenvironment controls how
local immune cells behave, with tissue-resident fibroblasts emerging as a key cell type in …

Early engagement of the lymphatic system by solid tumors in peripheral, nonlymphoid
tissues is a clinical hallmark of cancer and often forecasts poor prognosis. The significance …

Immunosenescence is a series of age-related changes that affect the immune system and,
with time, lead to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. This Review addresses …

Infiltration, accumulation, and survival of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in solid
tumors is crucial for tumor clearance. We engineered CAR-T cells to express interleukin (IL) …

The cytokine IL-7 and its receptor, IL-7R, are critical for T cell and, in the mouse, B cell
development, as well as differentiation and survival of naive T cells, and generation and …

The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue,
which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in …

T cell ageing has a pivotal role in rendering older individuals vulnerable to infections and
cancer and in impairing the response to vaccination. Easy accessibility to peripheral human …