Molecular biology has been led by various measurement technologies, and increased
throughput has developed omics analysis. The development of massively parallel …

Coloration is an easily quantifiable visual trait that has proven to be a highly tractable system
for genetic analysis and for studying adaptive evolution. The application of genomic …

The rediscovery of Mendel's work showing that the heredity of phenotypes is controlled by
discrete genes was followed by the reconciliation of Mendelian genetics with evolution by …

Oakleaf butterflies in the genus Kallima have a polymorphic wing phenotype, enabling these
insects to masquerade as dead leaves. This iconic example of protective resemblance …

Phenotypic evolution is usually attributed to changes in protein function or gene
transcription. In principle, mutations that affect protein abundance through enhancing or …

Warning coloration are common defense strategies used by animals to deter predators.
Pestilential gregarious locusts exhibit a notable black-brown pattern as a form of warning …

Evidence is accumulating that evolutionary changes are not only common during biological
invasions but may also contribute directly to invasion success. The genomic basis of such …

Highlights•Many abiotic and biotic factors in addition to temperature can drive color variation
in insects.•Museum collections and repeated field surveys reveal associations between …

How genetic information is modified to generate phenotypic variation within a species is one
of the central questions in evolutionary biology. Here we focus on the striking intraspecific …

Insects have an amazing variety of colors and patterns. It should be noted that pigments
and/or genes involved in body color formation are markedly different between insects and …