While the vast majority of research involving creatine supplementation has focused on
skeletal muscle, there is a small body of accumulating research that has focused on creatine …

The forced swim test (FST) is a behavioral test in rodents which was developed in 1978 by
Porsolt and colleagues as a model for predicting the clinical efficacy of antidepressant …

Psychiatric disorders are characterized by sex differences in their prevalence,
symptomatology and treatment response. Animal models have been widely employed for …

Athletes, body builders, and military personnel use dietary creatine as an ergogenic aid to
boost physical performance in sports involving short bursts of high-intensity muscle activity …

In preclinical studies screening for novel antidepressants, male and female animals should
be used. However, in a widely used antidepressant test, the forced swim test (FST), sex …

Creatine monohydrate is actively being researched for its antidepressant effects, yet little is
known about the link between dietary creatine and depression risk. This study examines the …

Conventional antidepressants are widely employed in several psychiatric and neurologic
disorders, yet the mechanisms underlying their delayed and partial therapeutic effects are …

Creatine is pivotal in energy metabolism of muscle and brain cells, both in physiological and
in pathological conditions. Additionally, creatine facilitates the differentiation of muscle and …

Creatine, a naturally occurring nitrogenous organic acid found in animal tissues, has been
found to play key roles in the brain including buffering energy supply, improving …

Clinical studies have shown that women are more susceptible to depression than men. Sex
differences in depression have been associated with social, cultural, as well as biological …