The formation of new blood vessels, called angiogenesis, is an essential pathophysiological
process in which several families of regulators have been implicated. Among these, vascular …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It has
long been recognized as a microvascular disease. The diagnosis of DR relies on the …

Diabetes mellitus is usually accompanied by nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy as
microvascular complications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can affect the kidney, retina, and …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes significant visual loss on a global scale. Treatments for the
vision-threatening complications of diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic …

Macular edema consists of intra-or subretinal fluid accumulation in the macular region. It
occurs during the course of numerous retinal disorders and can cause severe impairment of …

Diabetic retinal disease is envisioned to become the plague of the coming decades with a
steep increase of worldwide diabetes incidence followed by a substantial rise in retinal …

Angiogenesis is a highly coordinated process of formation of new blood vessels from pre-
existing blood vessels. The process of development of the proper vascular network is a …

The targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), a crucial regulator of both
normal and pathological angiogenesis, has revealed innovative therapeutic approaches in …

Diabetic retinopathy is the most frequently occurring complication of diabetes mellitus and
remains a leading cause of vision loss globally. Its aetiology and pathology have been …

Background The relative efficacy and safety of intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab, and
ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema are unknown. Methods At 89 …