Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2. 1.1) was clinically exploited for decades, as
most modern diuretics were obtained considering as lead molecule acetazolamide, the …

Abstract Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2. 1.1) are widely distributed metalloenzymes in
both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They efficiently catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon …

Background Evaluation and interpretation of the literature on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
allows for consolidation and determination of the key factors important for clinical …

Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 5th Edition, by Meir H. Kryger, MD, FRCPC,
Thomas Roth, PhD, and William C. Dement, MD, PhD, delivers the comprehensive …

Respiratory chemoreceptor activity encoding arterial Pco2 and Po2 is a critical determinant
of ventilation. Currently, the relative importance of several putative chemoreceptor …

We address adaptive vs. maladaptive responses to hypoxemia in healthy humans and
hypoxic-tolerant species during wakefulness, sleep, and exercise. Types of hypoxemia …

The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is the increase in breathing in response to reduced
arterial oxygen pressure. Over several decades, studies have revealed substantial …

Introduction Both sleep deprivation and hypoxia have been shown to impair executive
function. Conversely, moderate intensity exercise is known to improve executive function. In …

Ascent to high-altitude elicits compensatory physiological adaptations in order to improve
oxygenation throughout the body. The brain is particularly vulnerable to the hypoxemia of …

In conscious mammals, hypoxia or hypercapnia stimulates breathing while theoretically
exerting opposite effects on central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs). We tested this …