X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is the most frequent peroxisomal disease. The two
main clinical phenotypes of X-ALD are adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) and inflammatory …

Excessive mitochondrial ROS production has been causally linked to the pathophysiology of
aging in the heart and other organs, and plays a deleterious role in several age-related …

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are ubiquitous, highly dynamic organelles with an oxidative
type of metabolism in eukaryotic cells. Over the years, substantial evidence has been …

The immune response is essential to protect organisms from infection and an altered self. An
organism's overall metabolic status is now recognized as an important and long-overlooked …

Abstract X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a puzzling inborn error of metabolism
with a strikingly heterogeneous clinical spectrum. All patients have mutations in the ABCD1 …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters belong to one of the largest families of membrane
proteins, and are present in almost all living organisms from eubacteria to mammals. They …

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
a number of diseases and conditions. Oxidative stress occurs once the antioxidant defenses …

Peroxisomes contribute to several crucial metabolic processes such as β-oxidation of fatty
acids, biosynthesis of ether phospholipids and metabolism of reactive oxygen species …

Neurons spurn hydrogen-rich fatty acids for energizing oxidative ATP synthesis, contrary to
other cells. This feature has been mainly attributed to a lower yield of ATP per reduced …

Methylene blue (MB, methylthioninium chloride) is a phenothiazine that crosses the blood
brain barrier and acts as a redox cycler. Among its beneficial properties are its abilities to act …