Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), also known as myositis, are a heterogeneous
group of autoimmune disorders with varying clinical manifestations, treatment responses …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease typically affecting the joints, but the
systemic inflammatory process may involve other tissues and organs. Many extra-articular …

Within the spectrum of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is a subset of patients who
have inexorable progression of pulmonary fibrosis despite treatment, which is known as the …

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an increasingly recognized complication of rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In addition …

The contribution of the immune system to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains poorly
understood. While most sources agree that IPF does not result from a primary …

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex syndrome caused by the inhalation of a
variety of antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals. These antigens are found in the …

The lung is a common site of complications of systemic connective tissue disease (CTD),
and lung involvement can present in several ways. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and …

Hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by sensitization
to an inhaled antigen. Although the reported inciting antigens are numerous, most are …

Background The treatment of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP) often includes
systemic oral corticosteroids, but the optimal pharmacologic management remains unclear …

Connective tissue disease (CTD) related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is one of the
leading causes of morbidity and mortality of CTD. Clinically, CTD-ILD is highly heterogenous …