Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), defined as impaired growth and development of the
mammalian embryo/fetus or its organs during pregnancy, is a major concern in domestic …

Fetal development could be considered a sensitive period wherein exogenous insults and
changes to the maternal milieu can have long-term impacts on developmental programming …

Aims/hypothesis Although a family history of type 2 diabetes is a strong risk factor for the
disease, the factors mediating this excess risk are poorly understood. In the InterAct case …

Early-life adverse experiences, including prenatal stress (PNS), are associated with a higher
prevalence of neurodevelopmental, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in affected …

The fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis, which was proposed by David Barker
in the United Kingdom in the late 1980s, posited that adult chronic diseases originated from …

The intrauterine conditions in which the mammalian fetus develops have an important role in
regulating the function of its physiological systems later in life. Changes in the intrauterine …

Science produces fascinating puzzles: why is there such a range of placental structures
when other mammalian organs are so structurally uniform? Why and how did the different …

Prenatal stress (PS) can cause early and long-term developmental effects resulting in part
from altered maternal and/or fetal glucocorticoid exposure. The aim of the present study was …

This review brings together human and animal studies and reviews that examine the
possible role of maternal vitamin B12 (B12) on fetal growth and its programming for …

Reliable prediction of IUGR may be achieved by combining clinical risk factors with Doppler
abnormalities, fetal growth, and biomarkers. If this can be achieved, there is potential to …