The approval of anticancer therapeutic strategies is still slowed down by the lack of models
able to faithfully reproduce in vivo cancer physiology. On one hand, the conventional in vitro …

Cancer therapies have several clinical challenges associated with them, namely treatment
toxicity, treatment resistance and relapse. Due to factors ranging from patient profiles to the …

With the development of microfluidic technology, tumor-on-chip models have gradually
become a new tool for the study of breast cancer because they can simulate more key …

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Multiple molecular
subtypes, heterogeneity, and their ability to metastasize from the primary site to distant …

Microfluidic chips are valuable tools for studying intricate cellular and cell–microenvironment
interactions. Traditional in vitro cancer models lack accuracy in mimicking the complexities …

Bone is one of the most frequently targeted organs in metastatic cancers including the
breast. Breast cancer bone metastasis often results in devastating outcomes as limited …

The normal physiological activities and functions of bone cells cannot be separated from the
balance of the oxygenation level, and the physiological activities of bone cells are different …

Metastatic spread of tumour cells to tissues and organs around the body is the most frequent
cause of death from breast cancer. This has been modelled mainly using mouse models …

The microenvironment role is very important in cancer development. The epithelial–
mesenchymal transition of the cancer cells depends upon specific signaling and …

Tumor metastasis involves complex processes that traditional 2D cultures and animal
models struggle to fully replicate. Metastatic tumors undergo a multitude of transformations …