ABSTRACT Brassinosteroids (BRs) and gibberellins (GAs) are two groups of
phytohormones that regulate many common developmental processes throughout the plant …

Upon host penetration, fungal pathogens secrete a plethora of effectors to promote disease,
including proteases that degrade plant antimicrobial proteins, and protease inhibitors (PIs) …

Plant-defense responses are triggered by perception of conserved microbe-associated
molecular patterns (MAMPs), for example, flagellin or peptidoglycan. However, it remained …

In response to pathogen attack, plant cells secrete antimicrobial molecules at the site of
infection. However, how plant pathogens interfere with defense-related focal secretion …

Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) is the causal agent of potato late blight, which caused
the devastating Irish Potato Famine during 1845-1852. Until now, potato late blight is still the …

Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) or 2-hydroxybenoic acid is a phenolic plant hormone that plays
an essential role in plant defense against biotrophic and semi-biotrophic pathogens. In …

Abstract Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) and PLD-derived phosphatidic acids (PAs) play vital
roles in plant hormonal and environmental responses and various cellular dynamics. Recent …

The intrinsically disordered region (IDR) is a preserved signature of phytobacterial type III
effectors (T3Es). The T3E IDR is thought to mediate unfolding during translocation into the …

Typically, pathogens deploy virulence effectors to disable defense. Plants defeat effectors
with resistance proteins that guard effector targets. We found that a pathogen exploits a …

Plants are constantly exposed to a large and diverse array of microbes; however, most
plants are immune to the majority of potential invaders and susceptible to only a small …