Heart failure is a consequence of various cardiovascular diseases and associated with poor
prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure in the past decades, prevalence …

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we highlight the most important cellular and
molecular mechanisms that contribute to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. We also discuss …

Myocarditis is defined as an inflammation of the cardiac muscle. In humans, various
infectious and non-infectious triggers induce myocarditis with a broad spectrum of …

Aims Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is associated with adverse outcome. However, it is
unclear whether cell-specific consequences are associated with cardiac SARS-CoV-2 …

Abstract Purpose of Review In heart failure, whether it is associated with reduced or
preserved ejection fraction, the immune system is activated and contributes to heart …

Simple Summary Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium which can lead
to serious short-term and long-term sequalae such as sudden cardiac death or dilated …

Macrophage influx and galectin 3 production have been suggested as major players driving
acute inflammation and chronic fibrosis in many diseases. However, their involvement in the …

Background Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that overwhelming inflammation
occurs in the process of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced acute viral myocarditis (AVM) …

Acquisition of self-reactive effector CD4+ T cells is a major component of the autoimmune
response that can occur during myocarditis, an inflammatory form of cardiomyopathy …

In myocarditis caused by various etiologies, activated immune cells and the immune
regulatory factors released by them play important roles. But in this complex …