Findings from numerous laboratories and across neuroimaging modalities have consistently
shown that exogenous administration of cytokines or inflammatory stimuli that induce …

This narrative review discusses how peripheral and central inflammation processes affect
brain function and structure in depression, and reports on recent peripheral inflammatory …

Microglia activation, increased IL-6 and decreased TGF-β were found in depressed patients
or in animal models of depression. IL-6 enhances T helper 17 cell differentiation, thereby …

Increased inflammation in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with low
functional connectivity (FC) in corticostriatal reward circuits and symptoms of anhedonia …

Anhedonia, as evidenced by impaired pleasurable response to reward, reduced reward
motivation, and/or deficits in reward-related learning, is a common feature of depression …

Deficits in cognition, reward processing, and motor function are clinical features relevant to
both aging and depression. Individuals with late-life depression often show impairment …

Background Inflammation and depressed mood constitute clinically relevant vulnerability
factors for enhanced interoceptive sensitivity and chronic visceral pain, but their putative …

Inflammatory depression is a treatment-resistant subtype of depression. A causal role of the
gut microbiota as a source of low-grade inflammation remains unclear. Here, as part of an …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with immunologic and metabolic alterations
linked to central processing dysfunctions, including attenuated reward processing. This …

Anhedonia, characterized by a lack of motivation, interest, or ability to experience pleasure,
is a prominent symptom of depression and other psychiatric disorders and has been …